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Danbi Park
Design intent
Specific Design intent
1. More analyse on the circulation of the island, how locals and tourists move differently within the island and their major circulations.
2. As the Ocean View Road is the main road from the ferry terminal to any other places of the island, I want to discover more about the transition parts of the island and also the important rule of the circulation in the island.
- The Ocean View road is mainly used for locals for everyday life, and also the tourists who travel with the vehicles and also those walking from one point to the other.
- The Ocean view road does not contain much characteristic of the gateway to the island and it does create closed view of the island with low visual interest in the journey to enter the island.
- There is couple of walking tracks from the ferry terminal to the city area, but no other vehicle accesses are available in the site.
- The space between ferry terminal and city contains different kinds of reserves, walkways, lookouts and historical areas but all not linked well from the main road.
3. The design of the main access from the ferry terminal to the main part of the island will contain the consideration of:
- Ecology values with planting and drainage, storm water filtration systems.
- Design the in space experience and the visualization of the site
- Cultural, historical values of the site and its reserve areas in the space as well as recreational facilities and public asscess area.
- The main stream of access/ circulation will have its strong character of its site. .
- Gate way to the island
- Culture that the Waiheke people wants (artistic)
- It’s a leisure place for tourist but transit place for locals, because there are many other great beaches that locals can enjoy in the other part of the island then the Matiatia area. (Some one said that the material beach is one of the ugly beaches in Waiheke.)
- Gateway to Waiheke island = To every one who passes the space.
- Matiatia beach to enjoy = To on/off short visitors
- Matiatia beach with strong impact as gateway = To long stay visitors
- Matiatia as transport area = To residents who passes the place every day.
- Moving of Saturday market from Onero to Matiatia space to create a involvement of both visitors and locals
- No shops in the Matiatia area to encourage the visitors to go in to the local shops in the town and helps the local economics.
- Matiatia is the space for festivals
- Jazz festival
- Final stage of walking competition and also the prize giving place.
- Matiatia is the place where the tourist and locals first meet, and farewell.
Overall Design intent
- Island as an ecology
The term of an island and its relationship with New Zealand. Ecological values of the island and its environment issues
- Identity
Gateways, Relationship with Auckland and other parts of the country Identity as an islander, Residential communities and social classes within the island Identity of the island within the New Zealand.
- Liminal space
In between relationship of nature and culture, mainland and island, tourists and locals Characteristics of Mataitai site with the position of gate way and also the inbtween space of Waihake central and Auckland. outside
Site analysis
This mapping show that both tourim and residential activity is centered in the west side of the island. The Historical sites such as maori Pa area are the only thing that is distributed evenly out in the island.
- Transport
Current issues about the car park and the road linking the ferry terminal to the town and public transport issues
Need to consider the cyclists and pedestrian friendly zone
- Matiatia as the main gateway to Waiheke Island
Need to have strong sense of welcome in the gateway. More depth needed in the site of gateway and open the possibility of moving the gateway to other sites if strong conection or reasons rise.
- Waiheke Island as a destination
To strengthen the distinctive identity of the island to give a place worth to visit from outsiders and place of proud and comfort for residents.
- Significant landscape and ecology
To protect and improve the ecology environment of the site.
- Special meaning and value to culture
Maori heritage, cultural interests and values of the site.
- Sustainable development
Social sustainability (involvement and opportunity for social interaction) Cultural sustainability (different cultures within the island) Economic sustainability (mainly summer tourists) Environmental sustainability (onsite management of stormwater, water conservation, wastewater treatment and disposal)
Reference (A vision for Matiatia: Competition brief from Auckland Council)
See also
Group analysis on Waiheke Island
Literature review
Reading one: Cultural Studies for Shaky Islands. (By Nigel Clark)
Bell, C & Matthewman, S 2004. ‘Cultural Studies for Shaky Islands’, in N Clark(ed.), Cultural studies in Aotearoa New Zealand: Identity, space and place, Oxford Univ Pr, Cary, North Carolina, U.S.A.
This chapter talks about the term ‘nature’ being not just environmental values, but nature being as an important role in providing a sense of identity and belonging. It talks about nature being very important for people in relation to how they sense particular places or the environments they are inhabiting. As culture changes through time and people, nature also changes through natural movements such as earthquakes or volcanoes. This movement has an effect on people’s lives without them realizing it.
“Nature is ‘unstable’ because the only way we have to interpret and depict it is through culture. By reminding us that all visions of nature are the product of culture- cultures that have themselves inevitably drifted, and transformed over time-“. (Pg 15)
Which means that New Zealand nature helps New Zealanders define who we are and who we were in the past. For example, the nature of New Zealand now is different from the nature when European settlers first arrived. The lowland ecosystem that was once a great support for the rich bird habitat, is now all scattered, only few parts have survived due to European colonial farmers. The nature has changed through the culture of New Zealand.
As nature changes through time and culture, New Zealand is advertised with a slogan “New Zealand 100% Pure”, and this ads work because it surely meets the conceptions people (from other country) already have about New Zealand. The slogan does catalyst their fantasy about ‘antipodean’ islands with unique nature/ scenery. The writing is emphasizing that not only the outside world (overseas) is moved by this slogan, but that New Zealanders get effected by their own image of being 100% pure. This effects out self- image and identity.
“Our identity as New Zealanders, in other words, seems to remain closely tied to images of the natural landscape. You can see this in the enthusiasm we have for getting away from the cities- where the vast majority of us live and work- and getting into the countryside, and the wilderness. In ‘getting away from it all’ we also remind ourselves what the country is really like- and who we really are.” (Pg 8)
When we say our ‘nature’, it’s the way we look at it, frame it and represent it. It cannot be separated from us and further long, our nation (where nation is a clearly marked out area of land with political and cultural entity). Nation can be defined as a slice of nature that is combined with a society or culture. Therefore the image of New Zealand nature cannot be separated from the way New Zealanders imagine themselves to be a nation.
As to relate this writing to the Waiheke Island project, it can be refer to the nature of the island and its relationship with the culture and people within the island. How island people see Waiheke’s natural environment and why they oppose certain developments such as WIL proposal of resort and shopping center. This writing questions how Waiheke Island residents see themselves and their image of being separate from New Zealand (Auckland mainly). It also refers back to the ‘pure’ image of New Zealand’s identity and how that may effect the island people or New Zealand as a whole. It seems thay by not touching nature we can protect the ‘natural’ environment. And to keep the ‘natural/pure’ environment is to protect New Zealander’s ‘natural/ original’ identity. And to protect Waiheke Island from major development is the way to protect the Waiheke Island identity/image. Changing its nature could also affect their sense of as Waiheke Island could have been an escape for some people due to the major changes of Auckland or other parts of New Zealand.
Reading Two: More than Sand: Theorising the Beach (By: Steve Matthewman)
Bell, C & Matthewman, S 2004. ‘More than Sand: Theorising the Beach, in S Mattewman(ed.), Cultural studies in Aotearoa New Zealand: Identity, space and place, Oxford Univ Pr, Cary, North Carolina, U.S.A.
This reading talks about the meaning and use of the beach to the people. Beach is described as liminal zone; the littoral zone of sands between sea and land. It is also described as in between of nature and culture.
In the reading, beach is described as;
‘[t]hey juggle two seemingly opposed ideas: combining a start to something with the finish of something else. (Jones 1999:13) –pg 36-
The reading starts with the history of how beaches have been used in UK. Around 1783 the beach was used in medical ways to breath fresh air and to bathe in the water. The seaside presented escape from the everyday life but with social class barriers. During 1820s the upper social class began to use the beach as their weekend retreat. By mid nineteenth century the beach had been replaced to a place of pleasure, and people expected to have fun and enjoy leisure.
The social barrier also changed from this as well. When pale skin for the upper classes of British was represented as the fragility, indolence, and isolation from lower classes, but around 1920s this thoughts began to change by the tanned skin represented more closer look to nature and the brown skin symbolized the sensual pleasure from the beach.
The other point in the writing is the term ‘beach’ can be expressed as a nation itself. For example, Australia has strong national image of the beach as sunbathing, surfing and it sure does affect the national identity.
The other important point is that the beach itself is a democratic place; any movement towards disenfranchisement ought to be vigorously opposed.
In my opinion this can explain the issues of Maori parties fit the foreshore seabed problems in New Zealand. For my project, it may be the reason for opposition of WIL development in Waiheke Island.
One of the examples from the book is the TV advertisement used by BNZ, linking the beach, bach, and banking in a seamless voiceover:
Visuals: one long ‘tracking’ shot of a bach beside the sea
Music: restful guitar
Voiceover:
It’s nothing very flash,
He Said,
Just a bach.
1953
You grew up here,
Summer holidays,
Learned to play Scrabble
And to fish.
And now
You bring your kids,
And they read the old Biggles books
And laugh
And learn to fish.
And it’s still nothing flash,
Just a bach.
Who are you?
You’re a New Zealander.
And who are we?
We
Are your bank.
(pg 42-43)
Ironically, at this period of time the BNZ had already become the property of National Australia Bank. The beach has surely struggled between conservation and consumption. At one point people want to go back to the nature and protect the wilderness of nature, but at the same time the entertainment that comes with the economic development is wanted.
The beach is in between nature and culture, for example the historical and cultural baches on the beach can be part of New Zealand culture of beach life and also explains the histories and European settlers, but baches can clog up pristine coastlines and get in the way of wildlife colonies. Not all cultures are doing good to the beach or the environment on the beach and then there have to be a decision made to balance those characteristics of the beach.
To some cultures the beach can be a fun and relaxing place, to other cultures it may have different meanings. The major cultural difference on the beach in New Zealand is the Pakeha Vs Maori. The reading gives a good example of Auckland city council buying sand from the Coromandel to replace washed away sand in Beach Haven. The Maori iwi oppose the idea with the reason of their spiritual belief. “They were concerned that Coromandel sand contained ‘blood and bone’ from a different tribal region.”(pg48)
The main point from this reading is that the beach is the place in between things physically and symbolically. The space is in between the land & sea, nature & culture, and the history & future. When developing an idea for Waiheke island, this theory of in between spaces will be very important as this project develops, it will come to a point how to settle this in between place by collaborating the differences of the site. Waiheke Island is the site of difference; different social classes, different environmental values, different economic values and surly different life styles from the mainland. This project will be the designing of in between spaces.
Reading three: “Half-castes’ and ‘White Natives’: The Politics of Maori - Pakeha Hybrid Identities. (By Avril Bell)
Bell, C & Matthewman, S 2004. ‘Half-castes’ and ‘White Natives’: The Politics of Maori - Pakeha Hybrid Identities’, in A Bell(ed.), Cultural studies in Aotearoa New Zealand: Identity, space and place, Oxford Univ Pr, Cary, North Carolina, U.S.A.
This reading talks about the identity of Maori and Pakehe. The Waiheke project doesn’t have direct relationship with the hybrid identity problems but because it is cultural diversity of New Zealand, the idea of hybrid identities of Maori - Pakeha can be dealt as a big part of the cultural terms in the project.
The main theory I want to discuss from this reading is the identity. How its cultural practices and the relations of its power represent identity. To explain the identity the reading introduces the quote from Italian Marxist, Antonio Gramsci (1971:324) ‘we are each the ‘product’ of the historical process to date which has deposited in you an infinite of traces, without leaving an inventory’ (pg122). How the traces of history make up the contemporary identities. This idea of identity is interesting relate to the Waiheke Island project, because the Island people sure has their own identity as a society.
I think in the present time. Both Maori and Pakeha is a native to New Zealand. When identity develops with the surroundings, both Maori and Pakeha were immigrants to New Zealand and they both developed through New Zealand. In terms of appreciating the nature, the passage of Michael King (1999) from the reading says it clearly.
“My own people, descendants in the main of displaced Irish, had much moral and legal right to be here as Maori. Like the ancestors of Maori they came as immigrants; like Maori too, we became indigenous at the point where our focus of identity and commitment shifted to this country and away from our countries of origin…With my own background here, and with as strong a spiritual association with the land and its history as anyone I know, I have sometimes been angered by misrepresentations of my position… It is simply not valid to make sweeping judgments that identify Pakeha as rapacious exploiters of natural resources and Maori as kaitaki committed to protect them.” (pg 132)
Theories in the reading states that the identities develop through social life and interaction. Which gives clear direction of the research of the project and how the identity of Waiheke Island will be defined. Also there are biological identities of the race such as Pakeha and Maori in the island, but I think identity as one islander has more clear identity of the people in the island. From the reading, Collins said ‘Straddling both worlds is not always a comfortable position, especially if neither foot is firmly placed (1999:1).’
Identity is the context of our society and is one of powerful representation of our selves. As the representatives of Waiheke Island are very strong group of people, I think they will have strong beliefs in their identity as people of Waiheke Island and I am interested in those histories and cultural matters that developed these identities in to the place.
Reading four:‘On the Beach’: The Question of Local in Aotearoa/ New Zealand Cultural Studies (By: Chris Prentice)
This reading identifies the meaning of culture in New Zealand. How culture is defined through people and how people frame the meaning of culture in New Zealand, because New Zealand is a country with two different roots of culture, Maori and Britain. Until now the terms of identification is relating land to Maori and sea to Pakeha.
As it is described in ‘Reading one’ how New Zealand culture is framed around the nature of this country, this reading also deals with the idea that the landscape has blurred the nations cultural expression through naturalization. It quotes, “[T]he ‘island nation’ has taken the beach as a national topos.” (pg 112)
It also deals with the significance of the beach in national ‘life’ and ‘psyche’. The beach is emphasis the freedom but also a site of arrivals and departures. In Maori world it is described as ‘ liminal status as a ‘corridor between the known and occupied word and the uncertainty of the ocean’. (pg 115) The freedom of the beach for others can be a labour to the other. Work and leisure is performed in the beach such as selling an ice cream, cleaning the beach area, patrolling the surf, all is an action of work for the use of freedom and leisure. It says ‘the beach is part of the ‘capitalization of the meaningful landscape as the object of tourist exchange- and the ‘locals’ are no less part of this tourist exchange then visitors.’ (pg 116)
When government introduces ‘Cultural recovery package’, it deals with the consideration of art, cultural and heritage the ‘culture’ is often identified with Maori, when its indigeneity is attached that cultural identity to the land itself. The Maori became as objects of the tourist gaze to active agents in their own cultural representation.
I should consider this reading carefully for Waiheke project. Careful considerations to the locals as well as tourist and the real meaning lf culture and its values of landscape of the site and how it relates to different views of tourist and locals.
Book title: Victoria University Press 2004, ‘On the Beach’: The Question of Local in Aotearoa/ New Zealand Cultural Studies, Chris Prentice, Astra Print, Wellington, pg.111- 129.
Reading five: To Trace the Shifting Sands: Community, Ritual, and the Memorial Landscape (By: Judith R. Wasserman)
Book Title: Judith R. Wasserman ,‘To Trace the Shifting Sands: Community, Ritual, and the Memorial Landscape ‘,Landscape Journal pg.42-61.
Precedent study
Precedent one: New National Park in Barbados
Barbados has a natural character of rocky, exposed shoreline and rugged hills, ravines, and gorges. The design intent for this place is to promote the place to tourists as; ecological, cultural and with region’s unique natural features. The Design plan that was recognized from ASLA Honor Award is George Dark. The judge panel was impressed by the clear development of social and biological environment issues dealt in the strategy. Peter Jacobs, FASLA juror said “We appreciated that there was a cultural sensitivity to the place and the people which is not always obvious in national park plans in which the tendency is to focus on the characteristics of the natural system, the biology, the wildlife etc.., with little or no interest as to how these are perceived and valued by the people that live there.”
Link to the images of the site
Dark explains that as the unique character of the place being the special features, it also can be great awareness on the island as those unique characteristics of the environment are fragile. The two main sections of the design strategies are; firstly, the development plans of the National Park. Dark produced 78 activities such as National Park visitor center, outdoor education center. These ideas of activities didn’t placed in the beginning. But since Dark involved with the locals about the design these ideas of activities were from locals to be in more involvement with design. Secondly, the National park consists of management of the park to outline the education program and raise awareness of the park and environment issues.
“Away from the hustle and bustle of the big hotels there’s another kind of tourism which involves experiencing the more natural areas of Barbados and the real day-to-day life of the countryside. And I think that they, as a nation, want some kind of vehicle to grow this kind of tourism, and that’s what the national park will do.” (pg53)
Reference( Alicia Rodriguea, 2000, Preserving Paradise, Landscape Architecture, March.2000, v.90, no.3, pg,50-53)
Precedent two: Development of Daniel Island in the South Carolina Lowcountry
The Daniel Island in South Carolina is looking for new development of its town. The design aim is to create “a richly diverse community that reflects the values and needs of the Trident community, and takes full advantage of the great natural resources the island has to offer.” (Pg50)
The strong values in the design are; providing public access to the waterfront, extensive system of public parks, green spaces, and pedestrian routes all shaped by the natural and historic features of the island.
Unlike new urbanism models of waterfront designs nowadays, Daniel Island favors a natural look over the perfect manicure of a resort landscape.
“We don’t want it to look like a project. We want it to look like a real place.” (Pg53)
Link to the images of the site
The master plan deals with:
- Vehicular and pedestrian access from one neighborhood to another without having to traverse a main road.
- Combining homes, schools, public parks, and shops, the plan promotes a sense of community that goes beyond a collection of individual lots.
- Waterfront connections capitalize on the island’s location in between Cooper and Wando rives with activities such as; boat launching area, children’s park, or a series of preserved wetland habitats. The design is to make residents to be more interact with the water, which is a large part of the place both in historical and present time.
Streetscape is one of main design as well; the streetscape and public open spaces will balance the need of privacy and community needs. The roads are designed to certain views of the place- the gleam of sun on the river or open field- to bring up the sense of belonging to a whole community.
Even though the master plan design is carefully designed, because it is 100% ‘designed community’ it does rise up the critics about the master plan to be no more than suburban sprawl in a different package. “It has the potential to lack the aesthetic and demographic diversity found in communities that evolve over time.” (pg98)
Reference (Heather Hammatt. 2001, ‘Avoiding Suburbia’, Landscape Architecture, May.2001, v.91, n.5, pg. 50~98)
Precedent three: New suburban community in Richmond
This place was once were old industrial complex and now its all been cleared away and replaced by sturdy new walkways and green space. But not like new design over the existence of old, this development has succeed in keeping the time and its rich history etched into the ground. The architecture and planning firm Perry + Associates intended to attract and activate the shoreline where the historic port and cannery can be remembered and at the same time connect the new residents to the open space.
“Time moves on, and it was important to show that.” (pg47)
Link to the images of the site
Reference (Clair Enlow,2005,'Leaving historywhere it lies',Landscape Architecture, Dec 205,v.95,n.12,pg.44-51)
Precedent four: Xochimilco Ecological Park
Project name: Parque Ecologico Xochimilco Water body: Lake Huetzalin Size: 7,400 acres (project); 660 acres (park) Completion date: 1993 Designer: Group de Diseno Urbano, S.C.
The site was productive farming for centuries and gradually abandoned. From its historical and cultural importance it made this site a prime target for a clean up.
The project master plan involved such actions as; flood protection, enhancement of the aquifer, land subsidence prevention, control of land use and development in sensitive areas, the opening of new areas for recreation, construction of substantial new water treatment facilities and the reduction of erosion and waste and sewages dumping from nearby hills.
Link to the images of the site
Reference ( Ann, Breen & Dick, Rigby.1996. The New Waterfront, Mc Graw-Hill, North America, pg.98-103)
Precedent five: small islands
Wikipedia on Prince Edward Island - Canada
Wikipedia on Kangaroo Island - Australia
Wikipedia on Molokai - Hawaii Island
Schedule of program
Week 1
- Site analysis and site issues
- Wiki presentation
Week 2
- Stage 1 submission
- Clear design intent based on theory and precedent research
Week 3
- Presentation of broad scale agendas
- two major design investigations
Week 4
- Seminar presenting stage 2
- composition of drawings and models to represent the design intent
Week 5
- Presentation Stage 2
- Further development on design
Week 6
- Detailed investigation on materiality/ vegetation/ structure
- Further development on design
Week 7
- Mid trimester break begins
- Further development on design
Week 8
- Mid trimester break finish
- Further development on design
Week 9
- representing models and drawings for stage 3 submission
- Perspective images of representation
Week 10
- Stage 3 Submission
- Research on construction details and sustainability
Week 11
- Specialist constryction input
- Development of new technology in relation to design
Week 12
- Specialist constryction input
- Detailed investigation on materiality/ structure
Week 13
- Specialist constryction input
- Detailed construction drawing
Week 14
- Stage 4 Submission
- Document outlining design development
Week 15
- Final finish up on presentation
- booklet finish up for binding
Week 16
- Presentation Stage 3
Contacts & Mentors
- Jillian Walliss / Course Tutor
Senior Lecturer School of Design Email: jillian.walliss@vuw.ac.nz Phone: 04 463 6277
- Mark Lindquist Course Tutor
Senior Lecturer School of Design Email: mark.lindquist@vuw.ac.nz Phone: 04 463 6103
- Cheryl Robilliard / Landscape Planner
Masters Landscape Architecture, Bachelor Landscape Architecture E-mail: cheryl@pos-mgmt.co.nz
- Sarah Coady / Urban Designer
Auckland City council: matiatia competition project manager Email: sarah.coady@aucklandcity.govt.nz Direct dial: (09) 307 4549
- Katrina Simon / Senior Lecturer
Landscape Architecture School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture Email: ksimon@unitec.ac.nz Phone: 09-815 4321 ext 7277 Fax: 09-815 4346
See also
Victoria University of Wellington
