Terkenli theano S

From CollabLandWiki

Human Activity in Landscape Seasonality:The Case of Tourism in Crete

Terkenli theano S.,Human Activity in Landscape Seasonality:The Case of Tourism in Crete, landscape research, vol 30, no2, 221-239, april2005

• Terkenli explores and discusses the multiple facets and impacts of seasonality produced and inscribed by tourism on to the landscape and how this seasonality greatly affects, informs and interweaves with human livelihood systems.
• Terkenli argues that the relationship between landscape and tourism is essential and inextricable. He highlights the role of tourism as a landscape altering factor.Terkenli argues that the image of representation of a place, landscape represents the first and most enduring medium of contact between tourists and potential tourists and a place of travel.
• Terkenli argues that although the tourism industry has been labelled an exploiter and defiler of landscape and a modern medium of globalization or homogenising identity and development in contemporary landscapes, he suggests that instead tourism is like
• A modern pilgrimage where people go on a quest to absorb another places realms of pleasure, dreaming, tradition, and arts and it is this pursuit that prompts and preserves these distinct landscapes and tourist destinations.
• But he also suggests that through tourism, the imaginary, the artificial, the staged, the dreamed and the make believe replaces the original, the site turns into a spectacle a performance.
• Terkenli argues as landscape and human activities are co-produced the landscapes of tourism become a stage where socio-economic processes, relationships, formal changes, impacts and symbolism of tourism are mirrored on the land.
• Terkenli states that the prevalent model of tourism developed as established around the world is sea based summer destinations proving the most popular. He argues that this seasonality impacts on the destinations in the on season in the form of interruption and congestion, and less optimum tourism, tourist enterprises, public sector services, over use of local infrastructure. In the off season there are small business returns, high tourism related business vacancies, low productivity per employee, difficulty in securing trained personal, and various budgeting issues.
• Terkenli mentions the more recent phenomena of local tourism where local people come to enjoy the locations this tends to spread more into the off seasons.
• Terkenli argues that the effects of landscape can be catorgorized into 3 stages:

Stage1: low impact slow socio-cultural change- tourists aren’t accommodated in the area so they come to see and go again. E.g. Milford sounds. Stage2: Return from pre-tourism activity increasingly difficult. Tourism encompasses most aspects of human life, such as employment, demography, social relations, structures and way of life. E.g. Marlborough sounds or kaikora Stage3: Organised mass tourism, landscape forms, function and symbolism are irreversibly altered. Monocultured economy of tourism and everyday activities are disrupted by its congestion etc. Traditional construction, roles, and particularities are lost. This all attracts outsiders seeking employment or money making ventures and most sizable developments become outside owned by developers. E.g. ibitha, Queenstown?

How this relates to waiheke

• Waiheke is a popular tourist spot it is generally seasonal with mainly local tourism over winter.
• Waiheke would possibly be classed under stage2 where tourism has become embedded in its economy and landscape but it has not been over run with large hotels and big developers yet. *As the image of representation of a place, landscape represents the first and most enduring medium of contact between tourists and potential tourists and the place of travel it is obvious that Maitaita Bay been the first landscape seen on arrival needs to be a spectacular representation of the local (waiheke) so that visitors have a positive image held in their memory.